Oxybutynin

What is oxybutynin?

Oxybutynin is a prescription-only medicine used to treat symptoms of an overactive bladder. It belongs to a group of drugs called antimuscarinics or anticholinergics, which help to reduce bladder spasms, often sold under the brand names Aspite, Kentera, and Ditropan[1]. 

What is oxybutynin used for?

Oxybutynin is used to treat a range of common bladder issues. These can include one or more of the following[1]: 

• Urinary urgency, which is a sudden and strong need to urinate 

• Urinary frequency, or needing to urinate more often than usual 

• Urinary incontinence, which is unintentional leaking of urine 

It may also be used for other conditions. These include the treatment of bedwetting in children over five years old, and also excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) – although this is an off-label use. 

How does oxybutynin work?

Oxybutynin works by relaxing the muscles of the bladder. This relaxation reduces involuntary bladder contractions and increases bladder capacity – helping to bring greater control over when and how often you urinate[1]. 

Who can take oxybutynin?

Most adults and children over five years old can take oxybutynin. However, it may not be suitable for people with certain conditions, including myasthenia gravis, and a blockage in the bladder or digestive system. It’s also not typically used for people with glaucoma, dementia, hiatus hernia, nerve damage, severe ulcerative colitis, certain heart conditions (uncontrolled heart failure, arrhythmias, or QT prolongation), liver or kidney problems, or an overactive thyroid. You should also check first if you are pregnant, trying to get pregnant, or breastfeeding[1]. 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have or medication you take before you start treatment, and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2].

How do you take oxybutynin?

Oxybutynin is available in several forms. Depending on your condition and medical history, you may be prescribed oxybutynin as tablets (2.5mg or 5mg), slow-release tablets (5mg or 10mg), liquid (2.5mg or 5mg), or even skin patches (3.9mg)[1].  

Oxybutynin tablets can be taken with or without food, swallowed whole with water. Extended-release tablets must not be crushed or chewed. If you are using the liquid form, measure the dose carefully with a syringe or spoon. Patches should be applied to the skin and changed according to your doctor or pharmacist’s advice – usually this is twice a week[1]. 

What is the typical dosage of oxybutynin?

For adults, the usual dose of oxybutynin is between 2.5mg to 5mg, taken two or three times daily. This may differ with extended-release tablets, which may be prescribed as 5mg or 10mgonce daily, adjusted according to response. For children, the dose will depend on their age and weight and should be determined by a doctor or pharmacist[1]. 

Can you stop taking oxybutynin suddenly?

In most circumstances it’s safe to stop taking oxybutynin – however, you should speak to your doctor or pharmacist first. This is because stopping the medication may cause your symptoms to return or bring unwanted side effects[1].  

What should you do if you take too much oxybutynin?

Taking too much oxybutynin can be dangerous – the symptoms of an oxybutynin overdose may include restlessness, flushing, or having a fast heartbeat, hallucinations, or seizures. If you think you have taken too much oxybutynin, call 999 or go to A&E immediately[1]. 

What should you do if you forget a dose of oxybutynin?

If you remember about a missed dose of oxybutynin shortly after it was due, you can take it as normal. However, if it is nearly time for your next dose, skip the one you forgot and continue with your usual schedule. It’s important not to take a double dose to make up for a missed dose as this could bring serious side effects[1].  

What medicines should you avoid while taking oxybutynin?

Oxybutynin can interact with several other medicines, including[1]: 

• Other anticholinergic medicines, such as atropine 

• Antihistamines 

• Dementia medicines (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, or tacrine) 

• Mental health and antipsychotic medicines (phenothiazines, clozapine, haloperidol, amitriptyline, imipramine, dosulepin, or benperidol) 

• Sedatives 

• Anti-sickness medicine (prochlorperazine) 

• Stomach or bowel medicine (domperidone or metoclopramide) 

• Heart medicine (digoxin, quinidine, or disopyramide) 

• Blood medicine (dipyridamole) 

• Medicines for Parkinson’s disease (amantadine or levodopa) 

• Any IBS, asthma, incontinence, motion sickness, or movement disorder medicine that work similarly to oxybutynin) 

• Some antifungal medicines, such as ketoconazole 

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

What are the side effects of oxybutynin?

The most common side effects experienced when taking oxybutynin include having a dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, drowsiness, vertigo, vomiting, farting, burping, stomach pain, dry eyes, peeing problems, and dizziness[1].  

In rare cases, you may also experience more unpleasant or serious side effects, such as confusion, hallucinations, stomach pain, a UTI, swollen ankles or legs, or difficulty urinating[1]. 

You should contact your GP if you experience any of these symptoms. In rare cases, the medicine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). You should call 999 or visit A&E immediately if you believe this is happening[1]. 

Symptoms of anaphylaxis include[1]:  

• Difficulty breathing  

• Tightness in throat and chest  

• Swelling of the tongue or throat  

• Feeling faint or dizzy  

• Blue/grey skin or lips  

• Loss of consciousness 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about oxybutynin

How long does oxybutynin take to work? 

When you start oxybutynin, it will usually begin to work within a few days. In some cases, it may take one to two weeks to feel the full benefits[1]. 

Can I drink alcohol while taking oxybutynin? 

Yes, you can safely drink alcohol while taking oxybutynin, but excessive use may increase drowsiness or dizziness so is best avoided[1]. 

Is oxybutynin safe during pregnancy? 

Oxybutynin should only be taken during pregnancy if prescribed by your doctor after discussing the risks and benefits[1]. 

Can children take oxybutynin? 

Yes, children over five years old can usually take oxybutynin if it is prescribed by their doctor first[1]. 

Does oxybutynin cause weight gain? 

Weight gain is not a common side effect when you take oxybutynin. However, it may occur in some people while taking the medication. If you notice weight gain after starting oxybutynin you can speak to your doctor or pharmacist for further advice[1]. 

Can I drive while taking oxybutynin? 

You should avoid driving while taking oxybutynin if you feel drowsy, dizzy or have blurred vision. If you do not experience any side effects, it’s usually safe to drive while taking it[1]. 

Can I take oxybutynin long term? 

Yes, oxybutynin can be taken long term if it remains effective and the side effects are manageable. Your doctor may adjust your medication or dose over time[1]. 

For the official NHS guide to oxybutynin, visit their website.