Ibuprofen for Adults (Nurofen)

What is ibuprofen for adults (Nurofen)?

Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain, inflammation, and fever. Nurofen is a popular brand available in multiple forms including standard tablets and caplets, orodispersible tablets, liquids, and topical gels. It’s also known by other brand names including Brufen, Calprofen, Fenbid, Ibugel, and Ibuleve. Lower doses are available over the counter, while higher strengths or specific forms may require a prescription[1]. 

What is ibuprofen used for?

Ibuprofen is used to relieve a variety of symptoms and conditions, such as[1]: 

• Headaches and migraines 

• Period pain 

• Dental pain and neuralgia 

• Rheumatic and muscular pain 

• Back pain 

• Fever and flu symptoms 

• Inflammatory arthritis (e.g. osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis) 

How does ibuprofen work?

Ibuprofen works by[1]: 

• Blocking the production of certain natural chemicals called prostaglandins which are involved in pain and inflammation 

• This reduces pain and inflammation  

• Also lowers body temperature when experiencing a fever 

Who can take ibuprofen?

Ibuprofen is suitable for adults and children over 17 years[1]. 

For under 17s, read our guide to ibuprofen for children. 

It is not suitable for people who[1]: 

• Are allergic to ibuprofen, aspirin, or other NSAIDs 

• Have or have had stomach ulcers, bleeding, or perforation 

• Have severe liver, heart, or kidney disease 

• Have asthma especially if it is known to be triggered by NSAIDs 

• Have inflammatory bowel conditions like Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis 

• Are pregnant, trying to get pregnant, or breastfeeding 

• Have chickenpox, hay fever, allergies, or high blood pressure 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have or medication you take before you start treatment, and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2].  

How do you take ibuprofen?

Take ibuprofen properly to reduce the risk of side effects[1]: 

• Take with or after food to protect your stomach 

• Swallow whole with water (unless using Meltlets) 

• Leave at least 4 hours between doses 

• Do not exceed the recommended daily dose 

What is the typical dosage of ibuprofen?

Each ibuprofen tablet or capsule contains 200mg, 400mg or 600mg of ibuprofen. Slow-release tablets and capsules come in 200mg, 300mg or 800mg doses. Granule sachets contain 600mg. Liquid ibuprofen comes as 10ml with either 200mg or 400mg[1]. 

The usual dose of ibuprofen is 200mg to 400mg three times each day with doses evenly spaced, however your doctor may prescribe higher doses and may ask you to take them more frequently for certain conditions. Unless otherwise told, it is best to take the lowest effect dose for the shortest period to reduce the risk of side effects[1]. 

Can you stop taking ibuprofen?

Yes. Ibuprofen is typically used for short-term relief. If you're taking it long-term (e.g. for arthritis), speak to your doctor before stopping[1]. 

What do you do if you take too much ibuprofen?

Symptoms of overdose may include[1]: 

• Nausea or vomiting 

• Stomach pain 

• Drowsiness or dizziness 

• Ringing in the ears 

• Breathing difficulties 

• Seizures (in severe cases) 

Seek immediate medical help if you suspect an overdose. 

What do you do if you forget to take ibuprofen?

Take it when you remember. If it’s nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not take two doses at once.  

How to store ibuprofen?

To store ibuprofen safely[1]: 

• Keep below 25°C 

• Store in its original packaging 

• Keep out of reach of children 

• Do not use after the expiry date 

What medicines can’t you take with ibuprofen?

Ibuprofen can interact with several medications. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist first if you’re taking[1]: 

• Other NSAIDs (e.g. aspirin, naproxen) 

• Blood thinners such as warfarin 

• Blood pressure medicines (e.g. ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers) 

• Diuretics 

• SSRIs (e.g. sertraline, fluoxetine) 

• Methotrexate, lithium, ciclosporin 

• Steroids like prednisolone 

• Mifepristone, zidovudine, and quinolones 

• Diabetes medication 

• Aspirin or naproxen  

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

What are the side effects of ibuprofen?

Ibuprofen may cause side effects, particularly at higher doses or with long-term use. 

Common side effects include[1]: 

• Indigestion or heartburn 

• Nausea or vomiting 

• Dizziness 

• Headache 

• Skin sensitivity (when using gel, mousse, and spray preparations) 

Rare but serious side effects include[1]: 

• Stomach ulcers 

• Black poo or blood in vomit as signs of stomach bleeding 

• Severe chest or stomach pain 

• Difficulty breathing or asthma symptoms that worsen 

• Severe headache, stiff neck, high temperature  

• Blurred vision or hallucinations 

• Swollen ankles, blood in pee, or not peeing at all as signs of kidney problems 

You should contact your GP if you experience any of these symptoms. In rare cases, the medicine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). You should call 999 or visit A&E immediately if you believe this is happening[1]. 

Symptoms of anaphylaxis include[1]:  

• Difficulty breathing  

• Tightness in throat and chest  

• Swelling of the tongue or throat  

• Feeling faint or dizzy  

• Blue/grey skin or lips  

• Loss of consciousness 

 If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about ibuprofen

Can I take ibuprofen on an empty stomach? 
It’s best taken with food to avoid stomach irritation[1]. 

Can I take it with paracetamol? 
Yes – but do not take it with other NSAIDs[1]. 

Can I take ibuprofen during pregnancy? 
Speak to your doctor in early pregnancy and avoid in the first trimester[1]. 

Can I take it while breastfeeding? 
Yes, in small doses and for short periods[1]. 

Can I drink alcohol with ibuprofen? 
Yes, but limit intake – alcohol increases the risk of stomach irritation[1]. 

Can I drive after taking it? 
Yes – unless you feel dizzy or drowsy[1]. 

Can I take ibuprofen long-term? 
Only under medical supervision[1]. 

Does it affect fertility? 
Possibly when taken for a long time but any effect is usually reversible[1]. 

For the official NHS guide to ibuprofen for adults, visit their website.