Atenolol

What is atenolol?

Atenolol is a prescription-only medicine, belonging to a family of drugs called beta-blockers, which influences heart function and blood circulation. It is often prescribed to manage various cardiovascular issues and is sometimes known by the brand name Tenormin[1]. 

What is atenolol used for?

Atenolol is used to treat various conditions, including[1]: 

• High blood pressure (hypertension) and the prevention of heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes as a result of that condition 

• Chest pain caused by angina 

• Irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) 

• To protect the heart after a heart attack 

• To prevent migraines (this is an off-label use) 

How does atenolol work?

Atenolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, slowing the heart rate, reducing the force of each heartbeat, and lowering blood pressure. This also decreases the heart’s oxygen demand, helping to relieve angina-related chest pain[1]. 

Who can take atenolol?

Atenolol is generally suitable for adults and, in some cases, for babies and children under specialist supervision. However, it may not be appropriate for individuals who have[1]: 

• Asthma or other respiratory issues 

• Very low blood pressure or a slow heart rate 

• Reynaud’s phenomenon which makes your fingers and toes tingle and turn blue or paler than usual 

• Metabolic acidosis 

• An allergy to atenolol  

You should also speak to your doctor if you are trying to get pregnant, are already pregnant, or breastfeeding. 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have or medication you take before you start treatment, and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2].  

How do you take atenolol?

Atenolol comes in both liquid and tablet form, and is usually taken once a day. They should preferably taken the same time each day, with a full glass of water, and may be taken with or without food. If you are prescribed the liquid version, use a medicinal spoon or oral syringe to ensure you are receiving the correct dose, avoiding using a kitchen spoon[1]. 

If you’re taking it twice a day, try to have one dose in the morning and one in the evening, leaving 10-12 hours between doses if possible. Your doctor may advise you to take your first dose before bedtime as it can make you feel fizzy. After your first dose, if you do not feel dizzy, you can take your dose in the morning. Always follow the instructions provided by your doctor or pharmacist[1]. 

What is the typical dosage of atenolol?

For adults, the typical dose of atenolol ranges from 25mg to 100mg once a day. The typical dose for[1]: 

• High blood pressure is 25mg to 50mg, taken once a day 

• Angina (chest pain) is 100mg, taken once a day or split into two 50mg doses 

• Irregular heartbeat is 50mg to 100mg, taken once a day 

• Migraine is 25mg to 100mg, taken twice a day 

In children, the dose is based on their weight and condition and must be prescribed by a specialist. Your doctor or pharmacist may adjust the dose depending on how well the medicine works and if you have any other medical conditions. 

Can you stop taking atenolol suddenly?

No, you should not stop taking atenolol suddenly unless your doctor or pharmacist tells you to. This is because stopping abruptly can make heart problems worse or cause a sudden rise in blood pressure. So, if you need to stop taking it, your medical professional will gradually reduce your dose[1].  

What should you do if you take too much atenolol?

Taking too much atenolol can be dangerous, potentially causing symptoms like a slow heart rate, low blood pressure, breathing difficulties, and dizziness or fainting. Call 999 or go to A&E straight away if you suspect an overdose, and take the medicine packaging with you if possible[1]. 

What should you do if you forget a dose of atenolol?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If your next dose is soon, skip the missed one. Never take two doses at once to compensate[1]. 

What medicines should you avoid while taking atenolol?

Atenolol may interact with a number of other medicines and substances, including[1]: 

• Other blood pressure medicines 

• Heart rhythm medicines such as verapamil or diltiazem 

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen 

• Medicines for diabetes, as atenolol can mask signs of low blood sugar 

• Medicines for nose or sinus congestion, or other cold remedies 

• Allergy medication like ephedrine, noradrenaline, or adrenaline 

• Asthma medicines such as salbutamol, or for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

What are the side effects of atenolol?

Common and mild side effects of atenolol include feeling generally more tired than usual. You may also have cold fingers or toes, stomach pain, diarrhoea, or nausea. The serious side effects of atenolol are less common but may include shortness of breath with a worsening cough, swollen ankles or legs, an irregular heartbeat, wheezing, chest tightness, yellowing of eyes or skin, and unexplained brusing[1].  

You should contact your GP if you experience any of these symptoms. In rare cases, the medicine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). You should call 999 or visit A&E immediately if you believe this is happening[1]. 

Symptoms of anaphylaxis include: 

• Difficulty breathing 

• Tightness in throat and chest 

• Swelling of the tongue or throat 

• Feeling faint or dizzy 

• Blue/grey skin or lips 

• Loss of consciousness 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about atenolol

Is atenolol a blood thinner? 

No, atenolol is classified as a beta-blocker and does not have anticoagulant properties[1]. 

Can atenolol cause weight gain? 

While weight gain is an uncommon side effect of atenolol, it may occur in certain individuals[1]. 

Can I drink alcohol with atenolol? 

Alcohol can increase the blood pressure-lowering effect of atenolol, potentially causing dizziness or light-headedness. For this reason, you should use it only in moderation[1]. 

Does atenolol cause tiredness? 

Fatigue is a frequently reported side effect when using atenolol. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist if you are concerned[1]. 

Can I take atenolol during pregnancy? 

Only take atenolol if prescribed by your specialist. It is usually not recommended during pregnancy as it may affect the baby[1]. 

Is atenolol addictive? 

Atenolol is not addictive, but do not stop it suddenly without consulting a doctor as this can bring serious side effects[1]. 

Can atenolol help with anxiety? 

Atenolol can manage physical anxiety symptoms like a rapid heartbeat, but it's not approved for treating anxiety directly[1]. 

How long does atenolol take to work? 

Atenolol begins to take effect within a few hours and may reach its full efficacy in one to two weeks[1]. 

Can I take atenolol with paracetamol? 

It is generally considered safe to take atenolol with paracetamol. However, please speak to a doctor or pharmacist if you have any concerns[1]. 

For the official NHS guide to atenolol, visit their website.