Research into migraines hasn't identified one specific cause, but it's widely thought that they are a result of abnormal brain activity that can impact the blood vessels, nerve signals, and chemical balances.

There is also evidence to suggest a genetic link, as over 50% of people who experience migraine have a close family member who also lives with the condition.

Migraines are commonly associated with 'triggers'; factors that are believed to contribute to the onset of migraine symptoms.

These can be environmental in nature, such as changes in air pressure or increased exposure to flickering screens.

Physical factors can include things like caffeine consumption, dehydration, lack of sleep, head injury, muscle tension, teeth grinding, or eating certain foods.

Hormonal changes in women, such as before, during, and after their period are often linked to migraine episodes.

Emotional triggers such as increased stress are also associated migraines in some people.

The most prevalent migraine symptom is an intense headache, characterised by a throbbing pain on one side of the head.

Other symptoms may include:

• nausea and vomiting

• light and noise sensitivity

• fatigue

• mood changes

• an increased need to pee

• neck stiffness

You may have come across the term 'aura' in association with migraines. This refers to temporary symptoms that act as warning signals as your migraine episode starts.

If you experience the following symptoms, you're likely to be having what's known as a migraine with aura:

• dizziness

• pins and needles

• slurred speech or difficulty speaking

• visual disturbances like flashing lights or blind spots

These short-term 'warning' symptoms can last for between 5 minutes to an hour.

Migraines can be frequent or infrequent, with episodes lasting anywhere from 2 hours to several days. Some symptoms such as fatigue may start hours or even days before the onset of head pain.

Preventing migraines involves finding a solution that works for you.

Each person is different, and you might want to keep a diary of your migraine episodes, noting down any relevant contributing factors that could help you identify recurring triggers so these can be avoided where possible.

Over-the-counter pain relief can be taken when the first symptoms of a migraine start to appear.

If you've tried a range of methods and want to explore prescription medication options, our online GPs can help to find the right treatment for you.