Tramadol

What is tramadol?

Tramadol is a prescription only medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. It belongs to a class of medications called opioid analgesics[1]. 

What is tramadol used to treat?

Tramadol is typically used for the treatment of acute pain, for example after an operation or injury. It can sometimes be prescribed for long-term pain if other painkillers are no longer effective[1]. 

How does tramadol work?

Tramadol works by acting on pain receptors in the brain and spinal cord to stop pain signals to the body. It also works on transmitters in the brain to stop you feeling pain signals[1].

Who can take tramadol?

Tramadol can be suitable for most adults and adolescents aged 12 and over for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. 

However, it may not be suitable[1]: 

• If you have ever had an allergic reaction to Tramadol or other opioid analgesics in cases of acute alcohol and drug poisoning 

• If you suffer from epilepsy, especially if it is not well controlled  

• In people with a history of drug or alcohol addiction as a substitute in drug withdrawal 

• If you have kidney or liver problems 

• If you are taking or have recently been taking certain medications used to treat depression, in particular monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have before starting tramadol and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

Can you stop taking tramadol?

You should not suddenly stop this medication unless your doctor tells you to. If you are considering stopping the medication speak to your doctor first, especially if you have been taking it for a long time, to reduce your dose gradually. Stopping abruptly can cause withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, sweating, nausea and shaking.  

What do you do if you take too much tramadol?

You should only take the medicine prescribed by your doctor or pharmacist. Taking too much tramadol can be dangerous. Symptoms can include vomiting, extreme drowsiness, difficulty breathing, and you may become unconscious. If you have taken too much Tramadol and you suspect an overdose may have occurred, then you should call 999 or go to A&E immediately[1].  

What do you do if you forget your dose of tramadol?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Never take 2 doses at the same time[1]. 

What are the side effects of tramadol?

The most common side effects of tramadol are[1]: 

• Nausea or vomiting 

• Dizziness 

• Drowsiness 

• Constipation 

• Headache 

• Dry mouth 

• Sweating 

Serious but rare side effects include[1]: 

• Increased drowsiness or confusion 

• Hallucinations  

• Difficulty passing urine  

• Feeling dizzy and lacking energy could be signs of low blood pressure  

If you notice any of these, contact your doctor or call NHS 111 as soon as possible. 

You must call 999 or go to A&E if you experience any of the following: 

• A serious allergic reaction to tramadol. Symptoms may include a severe rash, swelling of the face and throat, and difficulty breathing  

• Breathing difficulties  

• Seizures or losing consciousness  

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Medicines you can and can’t take with tramadol

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking[1]: 

• Other medication for pain relief 

• Medicines for epilepsy  

• Medicines for allergies 

• Sleeping pills or sedatives 

• Medicines for depression or other mental health problems  

• Certain antibiotics or medicines for infections  

• Warfarin – tramadol can increase the blood thinning effect of warfarin  

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about tramadol

Is tramadol addictive? 

Tramadol can be addictive, especially with long-term use. It can cause withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, sweating, nausea and shaking. Your doctor should advise on how long you should be taking tramadol for, and how to stop the medication gradually and safely[1].  

Can I drive while taking tramadol? 

Tramadol can cause drowsiness and dizziness, if this happens do not drive or operate machinery. Do not drive until you know how it affects you[1]. 

Can I drink alcohol with tramadol? 

You should avoid drinking alcohol if you are taking tramadol due to the risk of serious side effects such as increased drowsiness and difficulty breathing[1]. 

How long does tramadol take to work?  

Standard forms of tramadol take 30–60 minutes to work. The pain relief will last 4-6 hours[1]. 

Slow-release tramadol can take a day or two to work but the pain relief lasts longer[1]. 

Is it safe during pregnancy? 

Tramadol is not usually recommended while you are pregnant due to the lack of information available regarding safety in pregnancy. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist about pain relief options while you are pregnant[1]. 

For the official NHS guide to tramadol, visit their website.