Methylphenidate for Children

What is methylphenidate for children?

Methylphenidate is a stimulant medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. It helps improve focus, reduce impulsivity, and manage hyperactivity. It’s a prescription-only medicine and brand names include Ritalin, Concerta XL, Medikinet, Equasym XL, and Delmosart. It is used as part of a broader ADHD treatment plan that often includes behavioural support[1]. 

You can also find advice here on methylphenidate for adults.

What is methylphenidate for children used for?

This medicine is mainly prescribed for[1]: 

• ADHD in children aged six and older 

• Occasionally, narcolepsy (a sleep disorder), although this is rare in children 

It does not cure ADHD but helps manage core symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness[1]. 

How does methylphenidate for children work?

Methylphenidate increases activity in parts of the brain involved in attention and behaviour. It boosts levels of two key neurotransmitters – dopamine and noradrenaline – helping children concentrate, stay on task, and control their impulses[1]. 

Who can take methylphenidate for children?

Children over the age of six with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD can be prescribed methylphenidate. Treatment should only be started by a specialist in behavioural disorders. Speak to your doctor first for children with[1]: 

• Heart problems or high blood pressure 

• Severe mental health conditions (e.g. psychosis, severe anxiety) 

• Glaucoma 

• An overactive thyroid 

• Difficulty swallowing 

• Epilepsy 

• Tics or a relation with Tourette’s 

• A history of substance misuse 

• An allergy to methylphenidate 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have or medication you take before you start treatment, and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2].

What is the typical dosage of methylphenidate for children?

Doses are tailored to each child, starting low and increasing gradually[1]: 

• Immediate-release tablets: 5mg, taken once or twice a day, with the dose changing as the doctor sees what works best 

• Modified-release tablets: 18mg, taken once a day in the morning, which can be gradually increased up to 54mg 

• Modified-release capsules: 10mg, taken once a day in the morning, which can be gradually increased up to 60mg 

Doctors adjust the dose based on how the child responds and whether any side effects occur [2]. 

How do children take methylphenidate?

Methylphenidate should be taken as directed, with specific timing depending on the formulation. Tablets should be swallowed whole with water. Some modified-release capsules may be opened and sprinkled onto soft food – check the leaflet or ask your pharmacist[1]. 

Can children stop taking methylphenidate?

Do not stop without consulting your doctor or pharmacist. The dose may need to be reduced gradually. Sometimes, your doctor may recommend a ‘drug holiday’ (e.g. during weekends or school holidays) to assess whether treatment is still needed[1]. 

What do you do if a child takes too much methylphenidate?

An overdose of methylphenidate can be dangerous. Symptoms may include[1]: 

• Vomiting 

• Tremors or agitation 

• Seizures 

• Irregular or rapid heartbeat 

Seek emergency medical help and take the medication packaging with you. 

What do you do if you forget to take methylphenidate for children?

If a dose is missed[1]:

• Do not give a double dose 

• Skip the missed dose and wait for the next scheduled dose 

• If the dose was only recently missed, check with your doctor or pharmacist about whether to give it 

How do I store methylphenidate for children?

To keep the medicine safe and effective[1]:

• Store below 25°C in a cool, dry place 

• Keep out of reach of children 

• Do not use after the expiry date 

• Return unused or expired medicine to your pharmacy 

What medicines can’t you take with methylphenidate for children?

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if your child takes any of the following[1]: 

• Antidepressants (e.g. MAOIs, SSRIs) 

• Blood pressure medications 

• Antiepileptic medicines 

• Antipsychotic drugs 

• Medicines to treat or prevent blood clots 

• Some cough and cold medicines 

• Herbal supplements (e.g. St John's Wort) 

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

What are the side effects of methylphenidate for children?

Like all medicines, methylphenidate may cause side effects. These common side effects can occur in 1 in 100 children[1]: 

• Reduced appetite 

• Trouble sleeping 

• Headaches 

• Stomach ache 

• Dry mouth 

• Nausea or vomiting 

Less common but more serious side effects include[1]: 

• Heart rhythm abnormalities 

• Delayed growth 

• Tics 

• Hallucinations 

• Severe mood changes, low mood, or anxiety 

• Rare cases of suicidal thoughts 

Your child’s doctor will monitor height, weight, and emotional wellbeing regularly. 

You should contact your GP if you experience any of these symptoms. In rare cases, the medicine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). You should call 999 or visit A&E immediately if you believe this is happening[1]. 

Symptoms of anaphylaxis include[1]:  

• Difficulty breathing  

• Tightness in throat and chest  

• Swelling of the tongue or throat  

• Feeling faint or dizzy  

• Blue/grey skin or lips  

• Loss of consciousness 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2].

Frequently asked questions about methylphenidate for children

How quickly does methylphenidate for children work? 
Immediate-release tablets work within 30 to 60 minutes. Modified-release forms may take slightly longer[1]. 

Can methylphenidate for children affect growth? 
Yes – it may slow growth in some children. Regular monitoring is required[1]. 

Is it addictive? 
Not when used as prescribed under medical supervision[1]. 

Can my child take methylphenidate for children during school holidays? 
Yes – some children take a break during holidays to assess continued need[1]. 

Can it be taken with food? 
Yes. Some formulations should be taken with or after food to reduce stomach upset[1]. 

Will methylphenidate for children change my child’s personality? 
No – but if your child seems withdrawn or overly quiet, the dose may need adjusting[1]. 

Can it be crushed or split? 
Only immediate-release tablets. Modified-release forms should not be altered unless specifically allowed[1]. 

What if my child vomits after taking it? 
If vomiting occurs within 30 minutes, another dose may be needed – check with your doctor[1]. 

Can methylphenidate for children be taken long-term? 
Yes, if it remains effective. Regular reviews are essential[1]. 

For the official NHS guide to methylphenidate for children, visit their website. 

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