Methylphenidate for Adults

What is methylphenidate for adults?

Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is a controlled drug in the UK and is only available on prescription. Common brand names include Ritalin, Concerta XL, Medikinet, Equasym, and Delmosart[1]. 

Find the official NHS guide to methylphenidate for children aged 17 years here. 

What is methylphenidate used for?

Methylphenidate is primarily used to treat the following conditions[1]: 

• ADHD in adults and children, helping to improve attention, focus, and impulse control 

• Narcolepsy (used off-label and less commonly in adults) 

How does methylphenidate work?

Methylphenidate increases the availability of dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain. These neurotransmitters help regulate mood, attention, and behaviour, which reduces symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity[1]. 

Who can take methylphenidate?

Adults may be prescribed methylphenidate if[1]: 

• They have a confirmed ADHD diagnosis by a specialist 

It may not be suitable for those with[1]: 

• Glaucoma 

• Overactive thyroid 

• Severe anxiety 

• Psychosis 

• Heart issues 

• Adrenal gland tumour 

• Vasculitis 

• Epilepsy 

• Tics or a history of Tourette's syndrome 

• Uncontrolled high blood pressure 

• Severe depression or bipolar disorder 

• A history of substance misuse 

• Are pregnant, trying to get pregnant, or breastfeeding 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have or medication you take before you start treatment, and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2].  

How do you take methylphenidate?

To use this medication safely[1]: 

• Take with a glass of water, preferably in the morning 

• Modified-release tablets must be swallowed whole – do not crush or chew 

• Can be taken with or without food 

• Try to take at the same time each day 

What is the typical dosage of methylphenidate?

Methylphenidate dosage is tailored to each individual[1]:Modified-release versions (e.g. Concerta XL) are taken once a day, while immediate-release forms are taken 2-3 times daily[1]. 

For narcolepsy, the starting dose is 10mg, increasing to 20mg to 30mg, but no more than 60mg[1]. 

Can you stop taking methylphenidate?

You should not stop methylphenidate suddenly[1]: 

• Your doctor or pharmacist may recommend tapering the dose 

• Stopping abruptly may cause withdrawal symptoms such as fatigue, sleep issues, or low mood 

What do you do if you take too much methylphenidate?

Symptoms of overdose can include[1]: 

• Vomiting 

• Agitation 

• Tremors 

• Seizures 

• Irregular heartbeat 

Call 999 or seek emergency help immediately. 

What do you do if you forget to take methylphenidate?

If you forget a dose[1]: 

• Take it when you remember, unless it’s late in the day (to avoid insomnia) 

• If it’s nearly time for the next dose, skip the missed one 

• Do not double up  

How do I store methylphenidate?

Methylphenidate must be stored correctly to ensure safety[1]: 

• Keep below 25°C in a cool, dry place 

• Store in original packaging 

• Keep out of reach of children 

• Return unused medication to a pharmacy 

What medicines can’t you take with methylphenidate?

Methylphenidate may interact with other substances, so speak to your doctor or pharmacist first if you are also taking[1]: 

• Antidepressants (e.g. MAOIs, SSRIs) 

• Antihypertensives for blood pressure 

• Anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin) 

• Antiepileptics 

• Alcohol (may worsen side effects) 

• Some cough and cold medicines 

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

What are the side effects of methylphenidate?

Like all medicines, methylphenidate may cause side effects. 

Common side effects include[1]: 

• Loss of appetite 

• Insomnia 

• Headache 

• Dry mouth 

• Nausea or sickness 

• Mood swings or anxiety 

Serious (seek medical help immediately)[1]: 

• Chest pain 

• Suicidal thoughts 

• Seizures 

• Heart palpitations 

• Facial tics 

• Hallucinations 

• Increased blood pressure 

• Symptoms of a stroke 

You should contact your GP if you experience any of these symptoms. In rare cases, the medicine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). You should call 999 or visit A&E immediately if you believe this is happening[1]. 

Symptoms of anaphylaxis include[1]:  

• Difficulty breathing  

• Tightness in throat and chest  

• Swelling of the tongue or throat  

• Feeling faint or dizzy  

• Blue/grey skin or lips  

• Loss of consciousness 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about methylphenidate

How long does methylphenidate take to work? 
Usually within 30 to 60 minutes[1]. 

Can I drink alcohol? 
It’s best avoided – alcohol can increase side effects[1]. 

Will methylphenidate affect my sleep? 
Yes, especially if taken later in the day[1]. 

Can I drive while taking it? 
Yes, but only once you know how it affects you. If you feel like it will affect your driving, do not drive[1]. 

Is methylphenidate addictive? 
It has misuse potential but is safe when used as prescribed[1]. 

Can I take it long-term? 
Yes – under ongoing medical supervision[1]. 

Can I take methylphenidate with antidepressants? 
Only under medical advice. Some combinations can be unsafe[1]. 

Does it affect appetite? 
Yes – it can suppress appetite and lead to weight loss[1]. 

For the official NHS guide to methylphenidate for adults, visit their website.