Lithium

What Is lithium?

Lithium is a prescription-only mood stabiliser, commonly known by the brand names Priadel, Camcolit, Liskonum, and Li-Liquid. It’s mainly used to treat and prevent mood swings in conditions like bipolar disorder. It can also help lower the risk of suicide in people with mood disorders[1].  

What is lithium used to treat?

Lithium is prescribed for[1]: 

• Bipolar disorder – to reduce and prevent both manic and depressive episodes 

• Recurrent depression – when other treatments haven’t worked 

• Schizoaffective disorder – in some cases 

• Mania – excitement, overactivity, and/or distraction) 

• Hypo-mania – like mania, but less severe 

• Aggressive or self-harming behaviour – in specific mental health conditions 

How does lithium work?

Lithium helps balance mood by[1]: 

• Affecting the flow of sodium in nerve and muscle cells 

• Influencing brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) linked to mood 

• The exact way it works isn’t fully understood, but it’s known to reduce extreme mood changes  

Who can take lithium?

Most adults and some children over 12 years old can take lithium. It may not be suitable if you[1]: 

• Have kidney or heart problems 

• Are dehydrated 

• Have hypothyroidism 

• Have low levels of sodium in your body 

• Have Addison’s disease 

• Are waiting to have surgery 

• Are pregnant or breastfeeding (specialist advice is needed) 

• Take other medicines that may interact with lithium 

• Are allergic to lithium 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have or medication you take before you start treatment, and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2].  

What is a typical dose of lithium?

There are two different types of lithium – lithium carbonate and lithium citrate. Do not to change to a different type unless your doctor recommends doing so. 

Lithium carbonate comes as standard 250mg tablets and 200mg, 400mg, and 450mg slow-release tablets. Lithium citrate comes as a liquid. This is usually only prescribed for people who have trouble swallowing tablets. 

Lithium doses are individualised and based on your age, reason for taking it, type of lithium recommended, and blood test results. It’s important to keep lithium levels in a narrow ‘safe zone’. Blood tests are done weekly at first, and then every 3 months once levels are stable[1]. 

How do you take lithium?

Lithium comes as[1]: 

• Tablets 

• Slow-release tablets 

• Liquid 

How to take it[1]: 

• Once or twice a day, at the same time every day 

• With or without food 

• Swallow tablets with water or juice, do not chew them. 

• Use the included syringe or spoon to measure the liquid, do not use a kitchen teaspoon 

• Always take the same brand – different brands can affect your lithium level 

Can you stop taking lithium?

Do not stop suddenly. Stopping lithium too quickly can cause your symptoms to return or worsen. Speak to your doctor first – they will guide you through a slow reduction if needed[1]. 

What if you take too much lithium?

A lithium overdose is serious. Symptoms include[1]: 

• Nausea or vomiting 

• Diarrhoea 

• Drowsiness 

• Tremors or muscle weakness 

• Confusion or seizures 

Seek emergency help (999 or A&E) if you think you’ve taken too much. 

What if you forget a dose of lithium?

Take it as soon as you remember, only skip it if it’s nearly time for your next dose. Never take two doses at once[1]. 

Medicines you can and can’t take with lithium

Some medicines can raise lithium levels or cause dangerous side effects[1]. 

Avoid or use with caution: 

• NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen) 

• ACE inhibitors (e.g. ramipril) 

• Diuretics (water tablets) 

• Antidepressants and antipsychotics 

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

What are the side effects of lithium?

The most common side effects include[1]: 

• Feeling thirsty and needing to urinate more 

• Weight gain 

• Hand tremors 

• Mild nausea 

The most serious side effects include[1]: 

• Blurred vision 

• Muscle weakness 

• Confusion or seizures 

• Signs of kidney or thyroid problems 

You should contact your GP if you experience any of these symptoms. In rare cases, the medicine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). You should call 999 or visit A&E immediately if you believe this is happening[1]. 

Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:   

• Difficulty breathing   

• Tightness in throat and chest   

• Swelling of the tongue or throat   

• Feeling faint or dizzy   

• Blue/grey skin or lips   

• Loss of consciousness 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about lithium

Can I drink alcohol while taking lithium? 
It’s best to limit or avoid alcohol – it can affect both your mood and lithium levels[1]. 

Can I drive on lithium? 
Yes, unless you feel drowsy or dizzy[1]. 

Can I take lithium long-term? 
Yes – many people use lithium safely for years, with regular monitoring[1]. 

Do I need regular tests? 
Yes. You’ll need blood tests to check your lithium level, as well as kidney and thyroid function[1]. 

Do I need to avoid any food or drink while taking lithium? 
It’s a good idea to avoid a low-sodium (low-salt) diet as this can increase lithium blood levels and increase side effects. It is best to keep your diet consistent to avoid major changes in sodium levels. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist before starting a new diet[1]. 

For the official NHS guide for lithium, visit their website.