Linagliptin

What is linagliptin?

Linagliptin is a prescription-only medicine used to help manage type 2 diabetes in adults. It belongs to a group of drugs called DPP-4 inhibitors (also known as ‘gliptins’). These medicines help control blood sugar levels, especially after meals. Linagliptin is usually prescribed when diet and exercise alone are not enough. The most common brand name is Trajenta[1].  

What is linagliptin used for?

Linagliptin is used to help lower blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It may be prescribed[1]:

• On its own, if you're not able to take other diabetes medicines 

• Alongside other treatments such as: 

• Metformin 

• Sulfonylureas (e.g. gliclazide) 

• Insulin 

How does linagliptin work?

Linagliptin works by blocking an enzyme called DPP-4. This enzyme breaks down hormones called incretins, which[1]: 

• Help the body release more insulin after eating 

• Reduce the amount of sugar produced by the liver 

As a result, blood sugar levels go down, especially after meals.

Who can take linagliptin?

Linagliptin is suitable for most adults with type 2 diabetes. It is not suitable if you have type 1 diabetes. Tell your doctor if you[1]: 

• Have had pancreatitis 

• Are pregnant, trying to get pregnant, or breastfeeding  

• People with severe liver disease 

• Have ever had an allergic reaction to linagliptin 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have or medication you take before you start treatment, and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2].

What is the typical dosage of linagliptin?

Linagliptin comes as 5mg tablets. The usual dose of linagliptin is 5mg once daily. This can be taken with or without food, ideally at the same time each day.

How do you take linagliptin?

Linagliptin is taken as a tablet by mouth. To take it properly[1]: 

• Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water 

• Take it with or without food 

• Take it at the same time each day 

Linagliptin is also available in a combination tablet with metformin (Jentadueto) which should be taken with or just after food. 

Can you stop taking linagliptin?

You should not stop taking linagliptin without talking to your doctor or pharmacist. Stopping suddenly can lead to rising blood sugar levels[1].  

What do you do if you take too much linagliptin?

Taking too much linagliptin is unlikely to cause harm on its own. However, if you are also taking other diabetes medications, too much linagliptin may increase the risk of low blood sugar. If this happens[1]:

• Monitor your blood sugar levels 

• Contact your doctor, pharmacist or call NHS 111 if you feel unwell or are unsure what to do

What do you do if you forget to take linagliptin

If you forget to take a dose[1]:

• Take it as soon as you remember 

• If it’s nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed one – do not take two doses at once 

• Continue with your usual schedule the next day 

What medicines can’t you take with linagliptin?

Linagliptin can interact with other medications, so it’s important to check with your doctor or pharmacist. Caution may be needed if you are taking[1]: 

• Insulin or sulfonylureas, which can increase the risk of low blood sugar 

• Rifampicin, which may reduce the effect of linagliptin 

• Epilepsy medication like carbamazepine, phenobarbital, or phenytoin 

• Other diabetes medications, which may require dose adjustments 

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2].

What are the side effects of linagliptin?

Like all medicines, linagliptin can cause side effects. Most are mild, but some can be serious. The most common side effects include[1]: 

• Headache 

• Nasopharyngitis (cold-like symptoms) 

• Cough 

• Diarrhoea 

Rare but serious side effects include[1]: 

• Pancreatitis (severe and persistent stomach pain, sometimes with vomiting) 

• Yellowing of skin or eyes (a sign of liver problems) 

You should contact your GP if you experience any of these symptoms. In rare cases, the medicine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). You should call 999 or visit A&E immediately if you believe this is happening[1]. 

Symptoms of anaphylaxis include[1]:  

• Difficulty breathing  

• Tightness in throat and chest  

• Swelling of the tongue or throat  

• Feeling faint or dizzy  

• Blue/grey skin or lips  

• Loss of consciousness 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about linagliptin

Is linagliptin used for type 1 diabetes? 
No. Linagliptin is only used to treat type 2 diabetes[1]. 

Can I drink alcohol while taking linagliptin? 
Yes, but it’s best to limit alcohol as it can affect blood sugar control[1]. 

Is linagliptin safe during pregnancy? 
No. It is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding[1]. 

Can I take linagliptin with metformin? 
Yes. These are often prescribed together and may even come as a single tablet, such as Jentadueto[1]. 

Do I need to check my blood sugar while on linagliptin? 
Not necessarily, unless you are also taking other diabetes medications that can cause low blood sugar[1]. Your doctor or prescriber will recommend to if it is necessary. 

For the official NHS guide to linagliptin, visit their website.