Levetiracetam

What is levetiracetam?

Levetiracetam is an anti-epileptic medicine (also known as an anticonvulsant). It's commonly known by brand names like Keppra. It helps control seizures in people with epilepsy by calming abnormal electrical activity in the brain[1].  

What is levetiracetam used to treat?

Levetiracetam is used for different types of seizures in both adults and children[1]: 

• Partial seizures (with or without secondary generalisation) 

• Myoclonic seizures (sudden muscle jerks) 

• Tonic-clonic seizures (convulsions) 

It can be used on its own or with other epilepsy medications, depending on the type and severity of the seizures. 

How does levetiracetam work?

Levetiracetam helps prevent seizures by[1]: 

• Stabilising electrical activity in the brain 

• Binding to a protein in nerve cells called SV2A, which reduces abnormal signals that can cause seizures 

Who can take levetiracetam?

Most people with epilepsy can take levetiracetam. It is suitable for adults and children over 1 month old[1]. 

It may not be suitable if you[1]: 

• Are allergic to levetiracetam or similar medications 

• Have kidney problems (you may need a lower dose) 

• Have a history of mental health issues, like depression or suicidal thoughts 

• Are pregnant or trying to get pregnant 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have or medication you take before you start treatment, and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2].  

What is a typical dose of levetiracetam?

Your dose will depend on your[1]: 

• Age 

• Weight 

• Seizure type 

• Whether it’s used alone or with other medicines 

Typical adult doses[1]: 

• Start at 250mg twice daily 

• May be increased to 500mg to 3,500mg, taken once or twice daily 

Children’s doses are carefully calculated by a specialist based on weight and age. 

How do you take levetiracetam?

Levetiracetam is usually taken twice a day, ideally at the same times every day. It[1]: 

• Can be taken with or without food 

• Comes as tablets, liquid, granules, or infusion (in hospital) 

Tips for taking[1]: 

• Swallow tablets whole with water, milk, or juice 

• Take liquid dose by itself or mixed into water, milk, or juice 

• Swallow granules straight from packet, but do not chew. They can be mixed with soft foods or water. 

• Use a measuring syringe or spoon for liquid (not a kitchen spoon) 

Can you stop taking levetiracetam?

Do not stop taking levetiracetam suddenly. This could trigger more seizures or make them worse. Always speak to your doctor before stopping, and if needed, your doctor will help you reduce the dose slowly[1]. 

What if you take too much levetiracetam?

An overdose of levetiracetam can be dangerous. Symptoms may include[1]: 

• Drowsiness 

• Agitation or aggression 

• Breathing difficulty 

• Loss of consciousness 

Call 999 or go to A&E immediately if someone has taken too much. 

What if you forget a dose of levetiracetam?

If you miss a dose of levetiracetam[1]: 

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember 

• If it’s nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed one 

• Do not take two doses at the same time 

Medicines you can and can’t take with levetiracetam

Levetiracetam has fewer drug interactions than many other anti-epileptic medicines, but caution is still needed. 

Tell your doctor if you’re taking[1]: 

• Other epilepsy medications 

• Medicines that affect the nervous system (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics) 

• Herbal supplements, especially st john’s wort 

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

Side effects of levetiracetam

The most common side effects (affect more than 1 in 10 people) include[1]: 

• Feeling sleepy or tired 

• Headache 

• Dizziness 

• Irritability or mood changes 

The rarer, but more serious side effects include[1]: 

• Suicidal thoughts or behaviours 

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, breathing problems) 

• Hallucinations or confusion 

You should contact your GP if you experience any of these symptoms. In rare cases, the medicine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). You should call 999 or visit A&E immediately if you believe this is happening[1]. 

Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:   

• Difficulty breathing   

• Tightness in throat and chest   

• Swelling of the tongue or throat   

• Feeling faint or dizzy   

• Blue/grey skin or lips   

• Loss of consciousness 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about levetiracetam

Can I drink alcohol with levetiracetam? 
It’s best to avoid alcohol, especially when starting treatment – it can increase drowsiness and may trigger seizures[1]. 

Can I drive when taking levetiracetam? 
You may need to stop driving temporarily when starting levetiracetam or if your seizures are not under control. Follow DVLA guidance and speak to your doctor[1]. 

Is levetiracetam safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding? 
Levetiracetam may be used during pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks. 
It can pass into breast milk but may still be prescribed. Always consult your doctor[1]. 

Will levetiracetam affect contraception? 
No. Levetiracetam does not affect hormonal contraception such as the pill[1]. 

For the official NHS guide for levetiracetam, visit their website.