Hydroxychloroquine

What is hydroxychloroquine?

Hydroxychloroquine is a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD). Originally developed to treat malaria, it is now more commonly used to manage autoimmune and inflammatory conditions by blocking the effects of chemicals that are released when your body is attacked by its immune system. It helps reduce inflammation and prevent flare-ups of chronic diseases[1].  

What is hydroxychloroquine used to treat?

Hydroxychloroquine is prescribed to treat a range of immune-mediated and inflammatory conditions, including[1]: 

• Rheumatoid arthritis 

• Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus) 

• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 

• Skin disorders, such as: 

• Sarcoidosis 

• Photosensitive skin disorders 

• Lichen planus 

• Urticarial vasculitis 

How does hydroxychloroquine work?

Hydroxychloroquine helps by suppressing specific immune system chemicals that cause inflammation. This action[1]: 

• Reduces joint pain, swelling, and stiffness 

• Improves skin rashes and other autoimmune-related symptoms  

Who can take hydroxychloroquine?

Hydroxychloroquine is generally safe for most adults and children. However, it may not be suitable for people who[1]: 

• Have retinal or visual field disorders 

• Suffer from liver or kidney problems 

• Are pregnant or breastfeeding (seek medical advice) 

• Take medications that may interact with hydroxychloroquine 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have or medication you take before you start treatment, and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2].  

What is a typical dose of hydroxychloroquine?

Hydroxychloroquine tablets contain 200mg or 300mg of the active ingredient. They’re typically taken once a day, and doses vary depending on the individual and condition[1]: 

• Standard adult dose: 200-400mg daily (1-2 tablets) 

 It can take several weeks (4-12) before you notice improvement. Always follow your doctor’s dosage instructions carefully and don’t adjust the dose yourself. 

How do you take hydroxychloroquine?

To improve absorption and minimise stomach upset, here’s how to take hydroxychloroquine[1]: 

• Take the tablets with or just after food, or with a glass of milk 

• Aim to take it at the same time each day 

But this can change depending on your situation, so always follow the instructions from your doctor or pharmacist. 

Can you stop taking hydroxychloroquine?

Do not stop hydroxychloroquine suddenly without consulting your doctor[1]: 

• Stopping can cause your symptoms to worsen or flare up 

• If you’re experiencing side effects, seek medical advice – don’t discontinue on your own 

What if you take too much hydroxychloroquine?

An overdose of hydroxychloroquine can be dangerous. Watch for symptoms such as[1]: 

• Headache or dizziness 

• Vision changes 

• Seizures 

• Irregular heartbeat 

If you suspect an overdose, seek emergency medical help immediately or call NHS 111. 

What if you forget a dose of hydroxychloroquine?

If you miss a dose of hydroxychloroquine[1]: 

• Take it as soon as you remember 

• If it’s nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose 

• Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed tablet 

Medicines you can and can’t take with hydroxychloroquine

Hydroxychloroquine is sometimes used with another DMARD such as methotrexate or a short course of steroids to relieve pain. 

It can interact with several medications. Use caution or avoid combining it with[1]: 

• Digoxin 

• Antiepileptics 

• Certain antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin) 

• Other DMARDs (consult your doctor for safety) 

• Retina-affecting drugs, such as tamoxifen 

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

Side effects of hydroxychloroquine

Like all medications, hydroxychloroquine may cause side effects. 

The most common ones include[1]: 

• Nausea or stomach discomfort 

• Headache 

• Skin rash 

• Loss of appetite 

The rarer, but more serious side effects include[1]: 

• Blurred vision or flashes of light 

• Muscle weakness 

• Severe skin reactions 

• Signs of infection, like fever or sore throat 

You should contact your GP if you experience any of these symptoms. In rare cases, the medicine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). You should call 999 or visit A&E immediately if you believe this is happening[1]. 

Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:   

• Difficulty breathing   

• Tightness in throat and chest   

• Swelling of the tongue or throat   

• Feeling faint or dizzy   

• Blue/grey skin or lips   

• Loss of consciousness 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about hydroxychloroquine

How long does hydroxychloroquine take to work? 
It can take 4 to 12 weeks to experience the full benefits[1]. 

Can I drink alcohol while taking hydroxychloroquine? 
Yes, in moderation, unless otherwise advised by your doctor[1]. 

Will I need regular check-ups? 
Yes. Long-term use often requires annual eye exams, blood tests, and sometimes muscle function checks[1]. 

Is hydroxychloroquine safe during pregnancy? 
It may be prescribed if the benefits outweigh the risks but always consult your healthcare provider first[1]. 

For the official NHS guide for hydroxychloroquine, visit their website.