Diazepam

What is diazepam used for?

Diazepam is a prescription-only medication that works on the brain and nerves (central nervous system) to produce a calming effect[1].  

Diazepam is prescribed for several conditions[1]: 

• Anxiety disorders 

• Muscle spasms 

• Seizures or fits (including epilepsy) 

• Alcohol withdrawal symptoms 

• Sleep problems related to anxiety 

• Relaxation before medical procedures 

How does diazepam work?

Diazepam works by boosting the effect of a natural chemical in the brain called GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid). This chemical helps calm the brain, which can reduce feelings of anxiety, relax tight muscles, and help prevent seizures.[1]. 

Who can take diazepam?

Diazepam is usually suitable for adults over 18 and can be sometimes used in children for specific conditions. However, it may not be appropriate for everyone, so it is important to speak to your doctor or pharmacist before using it. For example[1]: 

• It should be used with caution in older adults, people with liver or kidney problems, and those with a history of substance misuse. 

• You should tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have depression, a diagnosed personality disorder, or any breathing problems when you sleep. 

• Please consult your doctor or pharmacist if you are pregnant, trying to get pregnant or breastfeeding 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have before starting diazepam, and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

What is the typical dosage of diazepam?

The dose depends on the condition being treated, age, and any underlying conditions you may have. For example[1]: 

• Anxiety: 2 mg to 10 mg, up to 3 times daily 

• Muscle spasms in adults: 2 mg to 15 mg daily in divided doses 

• Seizures: Rectal tubes or injections may be used in emergencies 

• Sleep problems relating to anxiety: 5mg to 15mg at bedtime 

These doses may vary for individuals, so it is important to follow your doctor’s or pharmacist’s instructions. 

How do you take diazepam?

When taking tablets, diazepam should be swallowed with water, with or without food. If you are using the liquid form, it is important to measure your dose correctly using a measuring spoon or oral syringe. Avoid using kitchen teaspoons as they are not reliable and may result in taking too much or too little of the medicine[1]. 

Rectal tubes are sometimes used for seizures or fits in adults and children. Your doctor or pharmacist will discuss with you and your family how and when to use them. 

Can you stop taking diazepam?

Diazepam is usually recommended for periods of up to 4 weeks. If you’ve been taking it for a long time, you should not stop suddenly. Your doctor will reduce your dose gradually to reduce possible withdrawal effects such as anxiety, insomnia, and tremors[1].  

What do you do if you take too much diazepam?

Taking more than the prescribed dose may lead to symptoms like drowsiness, confusion, loss of coordination, and a slow or irregular heartbeat[1]. 

You should contact 111 for advice or call 999 for emergency assistance. 

What do you do if you forget to take diazepam?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it’s nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose as normal. Do not double up to make up for a missed dose[1]. 

Medicines you can and can’t take diazepam with

Caution is needed when taking diazepam with other medications, particularly those that act on your central nervous system[1]: 

• Other sedatives (e.g., opioids, sleeping pills, antihistamines) 

• Alcohol 

• Certain antidepressants 

• Antipsychotics 

• Antiepileptics 

These combinations can increase the risk of serious side effects. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

What are the side effects of diazepam?

The most common side effects include[1]: 

• Drowsiness 

• Tiredness 

• Muscle weakness 

• Poor coordination 

Rare but serious side effects include mood changes, falling over, and memory issues. Notify your doctor or pharmacist if you experience any of these side effects or call 111. 

If you have signs of allergic reaction (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing) then call 999 or go to A&E immediately. 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice.

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about diazepam

Is diazepam addictive? 

Yes, especially with long-term use. Your body can become dependent on diazepam over time, which means you need higher doses to get the same effects. This is also why people experience withdrawal when they stop taking this medication too quickly. Diazepam is usually only prescribed for short-term use, typically 2 to 4 weeks unless your doctor advises otherwise[1]. 

Can I drive while taking diazepam? 

Diazepam can make you feel drowsy and unable to concentrate. Do not drive if you are affected. 

Can I drink alcohol with diazepam? 

No. Alcohol increases the effects of diazepam, and it can be dangerous[1]. 

How long does diazepam stay in your system? 

Diazepam can stay in your system for several days[1].  

Is it safe during pregnancy? 

Diazepam is generally not recommended for use during pregnancy unless essential. Discuss with your doctor or pharmacist[1].

For the official NHS guide to diazepam, visit their website.