Clonazepam

What is clonazepam?

Clonazepam is a medicine from the benzodiazepine group. It is mainly prescribed to treat neurological and psychiatric conditions by calming the brain and nerves. This makes it helpful for conditions that come from excessive nerve activity[1].

What is clonazepam used for?

Clonazepam is often used to treat conditions like epileptic seizures or fits, panic disorder, muscle spasms, and restless legs syndrome. It may also be used off-label for conditions such as neuropathic pain or agitation – especially in palliative care settings[1]. 

How does clonazepam work?

Clonazepam increases the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This is a chemical messenger in the brain that slows down nerve signals and brings a calming effect. Overall, this helps to control seizures, reduce anxiety and relax muscles[1]. 

Who can take clonazepam?

Clonazepam is usually suitable for many adults and children. However, it’s not appropriate for everyone, especially those who have[1]: 

• Lung, liver, or kidney problems 

• Sleep apnoea 

• A history of drug or alcohol misuse 

• Depression or thoughts of self-harm 

• Myasthenia gravis (causes muscle weakness) 

• Spinal or cerebella ataxia 

• Personality disorders 

• Allergies to clonazepam 

It’s also not suitable if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. No matter your situation, you should always follow your doctor's advice and attend regular reviews if you are prescribed clonazepam. 

Please also tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have before you start treatment and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

How do you take clonazepam?

Clonazepam should be taken exactly as it is prescribed to you. It usually comes as a tablet, liquid or injection (more common in medical settings). Tablets can be taken with or without food, but should always be taken with water. If you are using the liquid form, use the measuring device or syringe provided to ensure accurate dosing, do not use a kitchen teaspoon[1].

What is the typical dosage of clonazepam?

The dose of clonazepam varies based on factors like your condition, age and how you respond to treatment. A course will usually begin with a low dose, which may be gradually increased. Your doctor will determine the right dose for you, and you should not change your dose without medical advice. 

The usual dose for[1]: 

• epilepsy in adults – 1mg taken at night to start, increasing to 4mg to 8mg over 2 to 4 weeks 

• epilepsy in children – the dose varies depending on age and will be increased gradually over 2 to 4 weeks 

• involuntary muscle spasms in adults – 1mg taken at night to start, increasing to 4mg to 8mg over 2 to 4 weeks 

• panic disorder – 1mg to 2mg daily 

• restless legs syndrome – 500 micrograms to 2mg daily 

Can you stop taking clonazepam suddenly?

No, you should not stop taking clonazepam suddenly as doing so may cause withdrawal symptoms. These can include anxiety, insomnia, irritability, and – in serious cases – seizures. To avoid this, your doctor will help you gradually reduce the dose if it is time to stop taking the medicine[1]. 

What should you do if you take too much clonazepam?

Taking too much clonazepam can bring dangerous results. Specifically, symptoms of a clonazepam overdose may include extreme lethargy or drowsiness, confusion, loss of coordination, slurred speech, muscle weakness, uncontrolled eye movements, or a feeling of overexcitement[1]. 

You should call 999 or go to A&E straight away if you think you or someone else has taken too much clonazepam. 

What should you do if you forget a dose of clonazepam?

If you forget a dose of clonazepam and not much time has passed since it was due, you can take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not take a double dose to make up for missing one and speak to your doctor if you are unsure[1]. 

What medicines should you avoid while taking clonazepam?

The most common side effects of aciclovir include[1]: 

• Headache 

• Nausea or vomiting 

• Diarrhoea 

• Dizziness 

• Tiredness/fatigue 

• Skin reactions (rash, itching) 

 If you have a severe allergic reaction (swelling, difficulty breathing, rash). Call 999 or go to A&E immediately. 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

What medicines should you avoid while taking clonazepam?

Clonazepam can interact with several other medicines and so may not be appropriate to take with the following[1]: 

• Other benzodiazepines 

• Opioid painkillers such as morphine or codeine 

• Alcohol 

• Some antidepressants 

• Certain antihistamines that cause drowsiness 

• Antifungals 

• Medicines to lower blood pressure 

• Hypnotics for anxiety or sleep problems 

• Muscle spasm medicines 

• Anticonvulsants for epilepsy 

Do not take herbal remedies for anxiety or insomnia, like valerian or passionflower, when you're also taking clonazepam. 

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

What are the side effects of clonazepam?

The more common side effects of clonazepam are usually mild, including disturbed sleep, muscle weakness, or feeling drowsy, dizzy, or tired. You might also experience poor coordination or have memory problems. You should rest if you feel these and contact your doctor if you are worried[1]. 

Rare but more serious side effects including having breathing difficulties, mood changes, or suicidal thoughts or behaviours. You can also experience coordination, heart, or blood problems[1]. 

You should contact your GP if you experience any of these symptoms. In rare cases, the medicine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). You should call 999 or visit A&E immediately if you believe this is happening[1]. 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about clonazepam

Is clonazepam addictive? 

Yes, clonazepam can be habit-forming, especially if you’ve used it for a long time. Doctors usually prescribe it for short periods where possible, and will plan decreasing doses so you can stop taking it without experiencing withdrawal symptoms[1]. 

Can I drive while taking clonazepam? 

Clonazepam can affect your reaction times and make you feel drowsy, confused or tired. You should not drive or operate machinery until you know how it affects you[1]. 

Can I drink alcohol while taking clonazepam? 

You should not drink alcohol while taking clonazepam, as it can increase drowsiness and may be dangerous[1]. 

How long does clonazepam take to work? 

Clonazepam usually starts to work within an hour of taking it. In some cases, the full effects may take longer depending on the condition being treated and your personal circumstances[1]. 

Is clonazepam safe during pregnancy? 

Clonazepam is generally not recommended during pregnancy unless your doctor advises that the benefits should outweigh the risks. It’s always a decision made based on your unique situation. Speak to your doctor who will offer you the best and safest solution[1]. 

For the official NHS guide to clonazepam, visit their website.