Baclofen

What is baclofen?

Baclofen is a muscle relaxant prescription only medication. It belongs to a group of medicines also known as antispasmodics, usually prescribed to relieve symptoms like muscle cramping, tightness, stiffness, and spasms caused by a range of conditions. It may also be used for the treatment of chronic hiccups in end-of-life patients. It is available under brand names such as Lioresal and Lyflex[1]. 

What is baclofen used for?

Baclofen is primarily used to treat muscle spasms, spasticity and stiffness. These may be caused by certain conditions, including[1]: 

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) 

• Cerebral palsy 

• Motor neurone disease 

• Spinal cord injuries 

• Other conditions affective your brain, spinal cord, or nervous system 

• Meningitis 

For these conditions, baclofen helps to relieve pain and improve range of movement by relaxing the muscles[1]. 

How does baclofen work?

Baclofen works by affecting the central nervous system, particularly the spinal cord. It acts in a similar way to a natural chemical in the brain called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) – this reduces nerve activity. By doing so, it decreases the nerve signals that cause muscle spasms and tightness[1]. 

Who can take baclofen?

Baclofen can be taken by most adults and by children over 12 years old, however, it may not be suitable for some people. You should always speak to your doctor before taking baclofen. It may not be prescribed in some cases, especially if you[1]: 

• Have lung, kidney, or liver problems 

• Have epilepsy or a history of seizures 

• Have a mental health condition such as psychosis or schizophrenia 

• Have Parkinson’s disease 

• Have had a stroke or blood clot 

• Have ever had an allergic reaction to baclofen  

• Have a stomach ulcer 

• Have diabetes 

• Are being treated for high blood pressure 

• Have difficulty peeing 

• Are or trying to get pregnant, or breastfeeding 

• Have a history of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence  

In these cases, an alternative treatment may be suggested by your doctor. 

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist about any conditions you may have before you start treatment and always follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

How do you take baclofen?

Baclofen is available as tablets, oral liquid, or injection. You should take baclofen with or after food or a glass of milk. If you or your child are prescribed the liquid form, it is important to use the measuring spoon or oral syringe provided with the medication to ensure you are taking the correct dose. Kitchen teaspoons are not reliable and may lead to incorrect dosing.  You should always follow your doctor’s instructions and use the correct measuring device if taking a liquid form[1]. 

What is the typical dosage of baclofen?

The usual dose of baclofen varies depending on your condition. Your doctor may also change your dosage depending on how you respond to treatment[1]. 

Generally, treatment starts with a low dose – often 5mg three times a day. The dose may be gradually increased by your doctor, up to a maximum of 100mg per day.. Children and some adults may need a different dose based on condition, weight and age. Baclofen tablets are not suitable in children with a body weight below 33kg[1].  

Always follow the dosage on the label or as prescribed by your doctor or pharmacist.

Can you stop taking baclofen suddenly?

Yes, you can stop taking Buscopan (hyoscine butylbromide) when your symptoms improve. It is usually taken when required rather than on a continuous basis. However, if you are unsure, speak to your doctor or pharmacist for advice[1].You should not stop this medication suddenly unless your doctor tells you to. If you are considering stopping the medication speak to your doctor first, especially if you have been taking it for a long time, to reduce your dose gradually. Stopping abruptly can lead to serious withdrawal symptoms, such as[1]: 

• Hallucinations 

• A fast heartbeat  

• Seizures 

• High fever 

• Muscle stiffness and spasms 

• Confusion or mood changes  

Your doctor will advise you on how to reduce your dose gradually and safely. 

What should you do if you take too much baclofen?

Taking too much baclofen can bring dangerous symptoms. The signs of a baclofen overdose include: 

• Drowsiness  

• Difficulty breathing  

• Muscle weakness or spasms  

• Agitation  

• Seizures or even a loss of consciousness.  

It’s important to call 999 or go to A&E if you think you or someone else has taken too much baclofen[1]. 

What should you do if you forget a dose of baclofen?

If you forget to take a dose of baclofen, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose altogether. Do not take two doses at the same time to make up for a missed one[1]. 

What medicines should you avoid while taking baclofen?

Some medicines can increase the risk of side effects when taken with baclofen. You should inform your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any of the following[1]: 

• Other medicines that may cause drowsiness such as sedatives, antihistamines, opioid pain killers, and epilepsy medications 

• Other muscle relaxant medication such as tizanidine 

• Medicines for mental health conditions, high blood pressure, or Parkinson’s disease 

• Medicines which may affect your kidneys  

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all medications and supplements you take before you start a new medicine, and follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet[2]. 

What are the side effects of baclofen?

Some of the most common but less serious side effects of baclofen include[1]: 

• Drowsiness 

• Diarrhoea or constipation 

• Headaches 

• Dizziness 

• A dry mouth 

• Increased sweating  

• Nausea and vomiting  

• Skin rashes 

• Problems when passing urine  

Serious but rare side effects include[1]: 

• Difficulty breathing 

• Yellowing of the skin or eyes 

• Hallucinations 

• Seizures 

• Increase in muscle spasms  

You should contact your GP if you experience any of these symptoms. In rare cases, the medicine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). You should call 999 or visit A&E immediately if you believe this is happening[1]. 

If you experience any side effects, including those not listed, you are encouraged to report them via the Yellow Card Scheme or contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information is intended as a summary for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. 

The information provided in the side effects section is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects associated with this medication. For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) provided with your medication or consult your healthcare professional[2]. 

Frequently asked questions about baclofen

Can I drink alcohol while taking baclofen? 

You should avoid drinking alcohol while taking baclofen as it can increase drowsiness and the risk of side effects[1]. 

Is baclofen addictive? 

Baclofen is not considered an addictive substance. However, stopping it suddenly can cause unpleasant withdrawal symptoms, so it should be reduced gradually under the guidance of your doctor[1]. 

Can I drive while taking baclofen? 

You should avoid driving or using machinery until you know how baclofen affects you. It can cause drowsiness and dizziness in some people, potentially causing danger to you and those around you[1]. 

Can I take baclofen long-term? 

Baclofen can usually be taken long-term if needed. Your doctor will review your treatment regularly to ensure it remains effective and safe, before advising if you need an alternative[1]. 

For the official NHS guide to baclofen, visit their website.